Changes in digital social interaction and their impact on social cohesion in rural communitiesa

Abstract

This study aims to understand changes in digital social interactions and their impact on social cohesion in rural communities. This phenomenon is important to examine because the use of digital media in villages not only changes residents’ communication patterns but also influences solidarity, participation, trust, and local social relations. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, limited participant observation, and documentation from 15–25 informants selected through purposive and snowball sampling, including village officials, community leaders, youth leaders, village social media managers, community cadres, and residents across generations. Data analysis was conducted thematically through data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings reveal four main themes: the shift of social interaction spaces from face-to-face to digital spaces; the strengthening of solidarity and social coordination through digital media; the emergence of digital participation gaps; and the formation of hybrid social cohesion that integrates digital communication with direct social relationships. These findings suggest that digitalization can strengthen social cohesion when supported by the values of mutual cooperation, digital literacy, trust, and inclusive local leadership. Conversely, digitalization has the potential to widen social exclusion if vulnerable groups are not equally engaged. This research highlights the importance of village digitalization policies that focus not only on infrastructure but also on strengthening literacy, communication ethics, and social inclusion.