Social and Ecological Dynamics in Sustainable Coastal Resource Management

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the social and ecological dynamics that shape sustainable coastal resource management in Tanjung Bira and Ara coastal villages, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study addresses the gap between formal coastal management programs and the lived experiences of coastal communities who face ecological change, livelihood uncertainty, unequal access, and tourism pressure. A qualitative case study design was used to explore the meanings, practices, and adaptive strategies of local actors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving small-scale fishers, fish traders, women from coastal households, tourism workers, village officers, community leaders, youth representatives, and local conservation actors. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal seven main themes: coastal resources as a shared livelihood system, ecological change and livelihood uncertainty, local knowledge as an adaptive resource, unequal access and social tension, community participation and local governance, livelihood diversification, and the social meaning of sustainability. The study shows that sustainable coastal resource management depends not only on ecological conservation, but also on fair access, local knowledge, livelihood resilience, and inclusive governance. These findings contribute to social-ecological systems theory and provide practical insights for participatory coastal policy, community-based management, and future research on coastal adaptation.