Development of a technology-based physical education pedagogical model to enhance high school student engagement

Abstract

This study explores the experiences of high school students and teachers in implementing a technology-based physical education (PE) model aimed at enhancing student engagement. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis in three urban Indonesian schools. Thematic analysis revealed three main factors influencing engagement: interactive learning experiences, real-time feedback, and social collaboration. Interactive digital exercises and virtual simulations encouraged active participation and improved motivation. Wearable devices and performance dashboards provided immediate feedback, reinforcing self-monitoring and goal-directed behavior. Collaborative tasks facilitated peer interaction, inclusivity, and social learning. These findings suggest that technology integration transforms PE lessons into dynamic, engaging, and socially supportive environments. The study contributes theoretically by providing insights into students’ subjective experiences and practically by offering guidance for designing adaptive, technology-enhanced PE curricula. Implications for educators and policymakers include strategies to optimize technology use, promote holistic student development, and improve participation in PE classes.